Creating sustainable landscaping

Millions of dollars are spent each year designing, implementing and maintaining our landscapes. Unfortunately, long-term problems are caused when we as gardeners make decisions based on our needs and wants without considering the environmental impact. You may have heard the term sustainable landscaping. What does a sustainable landscape mean? 

A sustainable landscape is an attractive environment that is in balance with the local climate and requires minimal inputs, such as fertilizers, pesticides and water. The first step is an appropriate design that includes functional, cost efficient, visually pleasing, environmentally friendly and maintainable areas. 

There are several principles to consider when getting started with the design process. Using a naturalistic design will require less maintenance; provide seasonal interest, while benefiting wildlife. Using native plants that are adapted to local conditions will thrive with little to no care. Native plants are a better food source for native wildlife. Picking plants that are compatible with each other and the environment allows you create plant communities that require similar needs. Always consider the mature size of the plant and select plants whose ultimate size, and shape fit the needs of the landscape. Using a wide variety of diverse plant material will not only provide more seasonal interest but will encourage more wildlife to find shelter in your yard. Trees can lower energy bills by 25 percent. 

Stormwater runoff is another issue that can be addressed by how we choose to garden. Rain gardens, green roofs and rain barrels are a great way to collect rainwater and reduce the amount of pollution and runoff. 

A soil test is the proper way to determine the appropriate fertilizer to add to your soil. Apply fertilizers sparingly and at the correct time, according to the directions. This is also true when applying pesticides. Approximately 67 million pounds of pesticide is applied to lawns each year. Homeowners use 10 times more pesticides per acre than farmers. Two-thirds of pesticide users dispose of the excess in the trash. Many beneficial insects are very sensitive to pesticides. If you must spray, wait until late evening and use less toxic products.

Consider the water usage requirements for maintaining your landscape. Turf is considered a high water use zone. By reducing the amount of turf in the landscape and developing more naturalized areas, you can reduce your water usage. Where feasible, use hand tools rather than power tools. Use electric tools rather than power tools. Keep power tools well tuned. Mulching will also aid in reducing your water usage by insulating a plants root system.

Implement a compost bin that you can use for locally grown crops and kitchen waste. This will increase the organic matter in the garden while recycling nutrients. Not only will this help the environment, it will help your finances as well. Incorporating organic matter into the soil will increase its water holding capacity, which means plants in this media will not need water as often.